Know the Signs of Heat Illness
Children who are outside having fun in the sun or practicing sports may be too busy to pay attention to things like staying hydrated or knowing when to go for shade. When children are young, it’s up to the adults to watch out for when enough sun is enough. Heat illness follows a progression from mild to life-threatening.
Stages, Signs and Treatment of Heat Illness
Extended time in heat and humidity and lack of adequate fluids can cause heat illness. And, children, teens and the elderly (over age 65) are more sensitive to heat because their bodies don’t adjust as quickly to environmental changes as adults younger than age 65. Here’s how to recognize heat illness:Type of Heat Illness | Cause | Signs/Symptoms | Treatment |
Heat cramps (mildest form) | Intense exercise in high heat | -Painful cramps or muscle spasms most common in legs -Flushed, moist skin |
-Stop activity and rest in a cool place -Take off extra clothing and apply cool cloths to skin -Drink fluids that contain sugar and salt -Slowly stretch cramped muscles |
Heat exhaustion | -Loss of water and salt -Extreme heat and sweating without fluid and salt replacement |
Same as above, plus: - High fever (over 100.4) - Headache - Nausea/vomiting - Diarrhea - Weakness/fatigue - Anxiety |
Same treatment as above; if no improvement or fluids won’t stay down, go to the emergency room. |
Heat stroke (life threatening) | -Body is overwhelmed by excessive heat and doesn’t properly regulate the heat | Same as above, plus: - Rapid heart rate - Lack of appetite - Confusion or agitation - Stupor or lethargy - Seizures |
Begin same treatment as above and call 911 or go to emergency room. In the meantime, place ice bags in armpit and groin area. |
How to Avoid Heat Illness
Follow several guidelines to avoid starting down the path of heat illness:- Watch the heat index - if over 90 degrees Fahrenheit, heat exposure is riskier.
- Understand if your child’s health issues (including obesity) or medication make him or her more susceptible
- Beware of the need for extra hydration and breaks from the heat when wearing heavy clothing such as for football or band practice (if wearing heavy uniforms)
- Stay hydrated and encourage your children to drink fluids even if they don’t think they’re thirsty.
- Dress in lightweight, lightly-colored clothing.
- Take breaks from activity to cool off in air conditioning, with a cool bath or in a swimming pool.
- Talk with coaches and/or camp counselors about policies regarding heat illness prevention.